As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission’s compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines:

https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/PSRI/about/submissions

The authors need to register with the journal prior to submitting, and begin the 5-step process.

https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/PSRI/user/register

The recommended word count for submissions is approximately 7000-8000. A manuscript should be no more than 10.000 words; this limit includes figures, references, and tables. All tables and figures should be inserted into the text. Significant feature articles may be somewhat longer than 10,000 words at the discretion of the editors. The abstract should be less than 250 words. It is not allowed to use abbreviation in the title. The proofreading of the paper should be done before the submission professionally. The proofreading certificate may be requested by the journal editor.

Authors should be aware that they are addressing an international audience. Articles should present original work and, where appropriate, should acknowledge any significant contribution of others. Manuscripts submitted to EU-JER for review should not have been accepted for publication elsewhere. As an author, you are required to secure permission if you want to reproduce any figure, table, or extract from the text of another source. This applies to direct reproduction as well as “derivative reproduction” (where you have created a new figure or table which derives substantially from a copyrighted source).

The corresponding author should always be willing to participate in the peer review process and obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes. A list of references should be included in the submitted paper. Grant/financial support should be stated in the paper if available. All authors are expected to contribute significantly to the research.

Page style: Articles should be typed in 12-point font on A4 page, paginated and double-spaced. Margins should be set as top & bottom: 2,5 cm and left & right 2,5 cm. The title should be followed by an abstract of 150 to 250 words and 3 to 5 keywords. Footnotes should be avoided and endnotes kept to a minimum. All pages should be numbered.

References: Paper format including references should follow American Psychological Association (APA) (7th Edition) style. Please see our citation guide (https://www.eu-jer.com/citation-guide). If a source is in another language, write the original title then add its English translation in square brackets.as the below example:

Eg.

Veziroglu, M., & Gonen, M. (2012). Resimli cocuk kitaplarinin MEB Okul Oncesi Egitim Programi’ndaki kazanimlara uygunlugunun incelenmesi [Review of the eligibility of picture books to the acquisition of the preschool education program of the ministry of national education]. Education and Science/ Egitim ve Bilim, 37(163), 227-237.

Paper template: Author(s) must use this template for their paper(s). As you can see at the template, the manuscripts should include following parts: A full title, a short title to be used as a running head, authors’ names, authors’ affiliated institution name(s), authors’ email addresses, authors’ ORCID numbers, authorship contribution statement, abstract, key words, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings/ results (separately),discussion (separately), conclusion (separately), recommendations (separately), limitations (separately), and references (Click the icon to download and see the template).

Tables and captions to illustrations: Tables must be typed out on the same document. Tables and figures should be numbered. The approximate position of tables and figures should be indicated in the paper. Captions should include keys to symbols.

Figures: All diagrams and photographs are termed “Figures” and should be numbered consecutively. Figures should be given short descriptive captions.

Full instructions can be found at: https://www.eu-jer.com/instructions-for-authors

Manuscript Template

Submission Form:

https://www.eu-jer.com/submission

https://ajee-journal.com/submissions

Manuscript Template

Types of Articles
The journal welcomes submission of full-length research articles, review articles, and critical analysis articles.
General
Manuscripts submitted to our journals must be written in English. Papers accepted for publication vary from 5 to 20 pages in two-column format (at least 3000 words but no more than 10000 words, inclusive of references). The main text usually can be divided into separated sections, organized by Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement, Conflict of Interest, Appendix and Reference.
Paper Title
A title of no more than 20 words should be brief, specific, and informative.
Author Details
Full name for all authors should be given; The names of multiple authors are separated by a comma; Provide the full affiliation for each author including academic affiliation (or postal address), city, postcode, country, e-mail(optional); If multiple authors have contributed to the article, details of the corresponding author should be clear. Email address is compulsory for the corresponding author.
Abstract
The abstract should be written as a continuous paragraph with 200-350 words and recapitulatively state the background of the research, purpose, methodologies, principal results, major conclusions and its contributions to the field. It should emphasize new or important aspects of the study. Research limitations/implications, practical implications, and social implications should also be included, if relevant to your manuscripts.
Keywords
3-10 keywords which can accurately reflect the theme of the article should be included for indexing.
Introduction
Provide a brief overview of the scope and relevance of the research, especially with regard to previous advancements in related fields
Materials and Methods
Present the research design, research type, research duration, inclusion/exclusion criteria, choice of subjects, etc. Describe the methodology completely, including sample collection, processing, lab analysis, statistical tests used for data analysis etc. Use section headings/subheadings in a logical order to entitle each category or method . (e.g. 1, 2; 1.1, 2.1; 1.1.1, 2.1.1…etc)
Results
Present and illustrate your findings objectively and concisely, if appropriate, with figures/ tables. In the main text, describe each of your results by a particular observation.
Discussion
Provide an interpretation of your results and make comparisons with other studies. The significance of findings should be clearly described. If your results differ from your expectations, explain why that may have happened. If your results agree, then describe the theory that the evidence supported.
Conclusion
The main conclusions of the experimental work should be presented. The contribution of the work to the scientific research and its economic implications should be emphasized.
Appendix
An appendix may be included (and is often helpful) in mathematical or computational modeling.
Acknowledgements
The acknowledgements section is where you may wish to thank people indirectly involved with the research (e.g., technical support; loans of experimental facilities; comments or suggestions during the creation of the manuscript). However, it is important that anyone listed here knows in advance of your acknowledgement of their contributions. Do not include dedications.
TABLE Title
Every table must have a unique title placed at the top. Titles should be clear and concise, and they should not be complete sentences.
TABLE Format
Table tools in Microsoft Word are strongly recommended for inserting a table. It’s necessary to avoid tables created with the tab key.
TABLE Numbering & Citation
Tables in the main body of the text should be numbered and cited consecutively according to their appearance in the text.
FIGURE Caption
Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, not on the figure area; If figures have parts (for example, A and B), make sure all parts are explained in the caption.
FIGURE Numbering & Citation
All figures are to be sequentially numbered with Arabic numerals. Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
FIGURE Resolution
Figures must be created at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi. For fuzzy or jagged figures, authors are required to replace it or send the original figure file to us for reproduction.
EQUATION Format
The equation number should be placed in parentheses to the right of the equation. E.g. H_n+1(1/n+1, 1/n+1, …, 1/n+1) (1); Do not create equations as pictures. Use MathType or insert symbols as normal text.
EQUATION Numbering & Citation
Equations should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals to avoid ambiguities, if they will be referred to in text. Citation for an equation should be made by using “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is…”
REFERENCES Summary
(1). All sources cited in text must appear in the reference list and all items in the reference list must be cited in text.
(2). All references should be listed numerically in the order they’ve been cited within the paper. At the beginning of each reference, the bracketed number should be included.

REFERENCES In-Text Citation Format
References are simply cited with the consistent reference number in square brackets. Do not set references number as superscript number. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “Reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence, e.g. “Reference [3] shows …”
A. Single Reference
If the author’s name appears in the text, place the reference number immediately after the name. E.g. Peter[10] found an innovative scientific phenomenon.
B. Multiple References
(1). Put two numbers in numerical order and separate them by commas but no spaces. E.g.: [2,3] or [2], [3]
(2). Indicate three or more consecutive reference numbers by using the following format. E.g.: [1], [3], [5]; [1] – [5] or [1, 3, 5]; [1-5]

List of REFERENCES
Authors are requested to check all references for completeness, including author names, paper title, journal heading, Volume, Number., pages for journal citations, Year, DOI (or URL if possible). (Please note that the DOI should be placed after the URL and end with a period.)
Journals
All author names, “Title,” Journal title, vol., no., pp. xxx–xxx., Year, DOI (or URL)
e.g.
[1] Clarke A., Mike F., S. Mary, “The Use of Technology in Education,” Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2015. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2015.010829
Books
All author names, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of the Published Book, (xth ed. if possible), Abbrev. of Publisher, Year, pp. xxx–xxx.
e.g.
[1] Tom B, Jack E, R. Voss, “The Current Situation of Education,” in Current Situation and Development of Contemporary Education, 1st ed, HRPUB, 2013, pp. 1-200.
Conference Papers
All author names, “Title,” Conference title, (location of conference is optional), (Month and day(s) if provided) Year, pp., (DOI or URL, if possible)
e.g.
[1] David H., Tim P., “The Use of Technology in Teaching,” The Third International Conference, LA, USA, Jul., 2013, pp. 19-23. (The year may be omitted if it has been given in the conference title) (DOI or URL, if possible).
Websites
All author names, “Page Title.” Website Title. Web Address (retrieved Date Accessed).
e.g.
[1] Partson K., Joe L., “The Use of Technology in Teaching”, US News, http://www.hrpub.com (accessed Jan. 1, 2013).

Formatting

• The submission file should not exceed 8,500 words including references (Research Articles), 4,500 words (Analyses and Reports, etc.), or 1,000 words (Book Reviews), respectively.
• Send the text as a Word file. Please use a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman, 12 pt.
• Do not use justification and syllabication in your text.
• Include footnotes for digression or further argumentation sparingly. Use British English throughout text, and please be sure to write clearly and use correct punctuation; we recommend that non-native authors have their contributions proofread.
• The preferred format for your manuscript are Word. LaTeX files are also accepted. Word and (La)Tex templates are available on the Manuscript Submission Guidelines page of our Author Gateway.

Artwork, figures and other graphics

• Tables, diagrams, and images should be used in moderation.
• They are to be numbered separately as well as continuously and provided with an individual title and an exact reference; they should be placed within the text at the appropriate points.
• Please make sure you are in possession of the appropriate copyright permissions when including images and keep written records of permissions to be produced on request. Authors are solely responsible for obtaining reprint authorisation.
• For guidance on the preparation of illustrations, pictures and graphs in electronic format, please visit SAGE’s Manuscript Submission Guidelines.
• Figures supplied in color will appear in color online but will appear in black and white in print (unless otherwise arranged). Therefore, it is important that you supply images that are comprehensible in black and white as well (i.e. by using colour with a distinctive pattern or dotted lines). The captions should reflect this by not using words indicating colour.

Supplementary material: This journal is able to host additional materials online (e.g. datasets, podcasts, videos, images etc) alongside the full-text of the article. For more information please refer to our guidelines on submitting supplementary files.

Please note that for our reviewers’ ease, we ask that any supplementary tables of data are submitted to us in PDF, Word, or PNG file formats and not as a LaTex file.

Reference style: Africa Spectrum adheres to the SAGE Havard reference style. View the SAGE Harvard guidelines to ensure your manuscript conforms to this reference style. If you use EndNote to manage references, you can download the SAGE Harvard EndNote output file.

Visit the Journal’s submission site https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/africaspectrum to upload your manuscript

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.

Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.

Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.

Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.

Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.

Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.

Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.
Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.

Manuscripts should be organized as follows:

• Title page:List title, authors, and affiliations as first page of manuscript
• Abstract: an abstract should summarize the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. An abstract is a short summary of a larger work for the purpose of condensing the argument, conclusions, and/or results into a paragraph. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywordsor brief phrases.

Manuscript should follow the style detailed in the APA publication manual.

• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusions (optional)
• Acknowledgments (if applicable)
• References: This journal uses the “APA” Reference style. Each listed reference should be cited in the text, and each text citation should be listed in the references section.
• Supporting information captions (if applicable)

Figure captions are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which the figure is cited.
Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.